What is the optimal time complexity of solving Octal to Binary conversion?

The optimized solution achieves a time complexity of O(n) by using sorting, mathematical shortcuts, or hash table lookups.

What is the auxiliary space complexity for Octal to Binary conversion?

The space complexity is O(1) since we only use a minimal/constant amount of extra memory for tracking variables (or auxiliary space if dynamic structures are allocated).

What are the typical edge cases we must handle in Octal to Binary conversion?

Key edge cases include empty collections, negative or large bounds causing integer overflow, arrays with only one element, or inputs where target criteria are not met.

How can we optimize the brute force approach for Octal to Binary conversion?

Brute force methods often inspect all possible combinations. We optimize this by sorting the input list to enable binary search, or tracking processed items in a set to avoid redundant nested loop lookups.

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Python BasicsEasy

Octal to Binary conversion

Learn how to solve the 'Octal to Binary conversion' problem. This detailed resource details brute force and optimized approaches.

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Problem Statement

Easy

Write a function octal_to_binary(octal_str) that takes a string representing an octal number (base-8, digits 0-7) and returns a string representing its binary (base-2) equivalent. Do not include leading zeros in the output (except for input '0').

Hint: Convert each octal digit to its 3-bit binary equivalent and concatenate.

Constraints

•1 <= len(octal_str) <= 10
•octal_str contains only digits '0' through '7'

Examples

Example 1

Input

octal_to_binary('12')

Output

'1010'

Explanation

1 = 001, 2 = 010. Concatenate: 001010. Remove leading zeros: 1010.

Example 2

Input

octal_to_binary('77')

Output

'111111'

Explanation

7 = 111, 7 = 111. Concatenate: 111111.

Example 3

Input

octal_to_binary('312')

Output

'11001010'

Explanation

3 = 011, 1 = 001, 2 = 010. Concatenate: 011001010. Remove leading zero: 11001010.

Need a Hint?

Use simple arithmetic operators (like modulo `%`, division `//`), conditional checks, or loops to inspect number properties.

Edge Cases to Watch

Empty list or null input variables
Single item lists/arrays
Extremely large input bounds causing integer or stack overflow

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