Longest Bitonic Subsequence
Detailed guide and Python implementation for the 'Longest Bitonic Subsequence' problem.
1. Concept Overview
The 'Longest Bitonic Subsequence' problem is a key challenge in the Dynamic Programming section.
This implementation focuses on easy-level logic in Python.
We prioritize technical accuracy and code readability in our provided solutions.
2. Real-World Applications
3. Visual Intuition
Visualizing the logic flow for Longest Bitonic Subsequence.
4. Prerequisites
5. Step-by-Step Thinking
1. Understand the problem
Read the problem statement for Longest Bitonic Subsequence carefully.
2. Formulate brute force
Draft a simple iterative solution.
3. Identify inefficiency
Look for redundant calculations.
4. Optimize search path
Use hashing or sorting to speed up the process.
5. Final Implementation
Clean up the code for production standards.
Problem Statement
Write a function lbs(arr) that returns the length of the longest bitonic subsequence in an array arr. A subsequence is bitonic if it first increases and then decreases, or strictly increases, or strictly decreases.
- •1 <= len(arr) <= 1000
- •-10^4 <= arr[i] <= 10^4
Examples
lbs([1, 11, 2, 10, 4, 5, 2, 1])
6
The longest bitonic subsequence is [1, 2, 10, 5, 2, 1] or [1, 2, 4, 5, 2, 1] with length 6.
lbs([12, 11, 40, 5, 3, 1])
5
The longest bitonic subsequence is [12, 11, 5, 3, 1] or [11, 40, 5, 3, 1] with length 5.
Need a Hint?
Edge Cases to Watch
- Empty input structures
- Single element inputs
- Large numerical bounds
Ready to Solve?
Open the problem in PyRun's browser-based Python editor. Your code runs fully offline — no server required.
Interview Insights & Variations
Complexity Analysis Breakdown
Why Time: Directly evaluates all possibilities.
Why Space: Uses standard local memory.
Why Time: Optimized paths reduce total operations.
Why Space: May trade memory for speed.
Optimized Solution Python Code
Optimized Solution Python Code
def lbs_opt(arr):
n = len(arr)
lis = [1] * n
for i in range(1, n):
for j in range(i):
if arr[i] > arr[j] and lis[i] < lis[j] + 1: lis[i] = lis[j] + 1
lds = [1] * n
for i in range(n-2, -1, -1):
for j in range(n-1, i, -1):
if arr[i] > arr[j] and lds[i] < lds[j] + 1: lds[i] = lds[j] + 1
max_val = lis[0] + lds[0] - 1
for i in range(1, n): max_val = max(max_val, lis[i] + lds[i] - 1)
return max_valBrute Force Code (Spoiler Guarded)
Brute Force Code (Spoiler Guarded)
def lbs_brute(arr):
# Try every index as the peak
res = 0
for i in range(len(arr)):
def lis_ending_at(idx):
res = 1
for j in range(idx):
if arr[j] < arr[idx]: res = max(res, 1 + lis_ending_at(j))
return res
def lds_starting_at(idx):
res = 1
for j in range(idx + 1, len(arr)):
if arr[j] < arr[idx]: res = max(res, 1 + lds_starting_at(j))
return res
res = max(res, lis_ending_at(i) + lds_starting_at(i) - 1)
return resAlgorithm Pattern Checklist
When dealing with Dynamic Programming data patterns.
Core Prerequisites
Revision Key Notes
Common Mistakes & Pitfalls
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