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Largest Rectangle In Histogram

Detailed guide and Python implementation for the 'Largest Rectangle In Histogram' problem.

Problem Statement

Easy

Given an array of integers heights representing the histogram's bar height where the width of each bar is 1, return the area of the largest rectangle in the histogram.

Write a function largestRectangleArea(heights: List[int]) -> int.

Constraints
  • 1 <= len(heights) <= 10^5
  • 0 <= heights[i] <= 10^4

Examples

Example 1
Input
heights = [2, 1, 5, 6, 2, 3]
Output
10
Explanation

The largest rectangle has area 10, formed by bars at index 2 and 3 (heights 5 and 6), with width 2 and height 5.

Example 2
Input
heights = [2, 4]
Output
4
Explanation

The largest rectangle is the bar at index 1 with height 4 and width 1, giving area 4.

Need a Hint?
Consider using Stack-specific data structures like sets or heaps.
Edge Cases to Watch
  • Empty input structures
  • Single element inputs
  • Large numerical bounds

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