What is the optimal time complexity of solving Decimal to Octal Conversion?

The optimized solution achieves a time complexity of O(n) by using sorting, mathematical shortcuts, or hash table lookups.

What is the auxiliary space complexity for Decimal to Octal Conversion?

The space complexity is O(1) since we only use a minimal/constant amount of extra memory for tracking variables (or auxiliary space if dynamic structures are allocated).

What are the typical edge cases we must handle in Decimal to Octal Conversion?

Key edge cases include empty collections, negative or large bounds causing integer overflow, arrays with only one element, or inputs where target criteria are not met.

How can we optimize the brute force approach for Decimal to Octal Conversion?

Brute force methods often inspect all possible combinations. We optimize this by sorting the input list to enable binary search, or tracking processed items in a set to avoid redundant nested loop lookups.

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Python BasicsEasy

Decimal to Octal Conversion

Learn how to solve the 'Decimal to Octal Conversion' problem. This detailed resource details brute force and optimized approaches.

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Problem Statement

Easy

Write a function decimal_to_octal(n) that takes a non-negative integer n and returns a string representing its octal (base-8) equivalent. Do not include leading zeros (except for input 0, which should return '0').

To convert decimal to octal, repeatedly divide the number by 8 and collect the remainders in reverse order.

Constraints

•0 <= n <= 10^6

Examples

Example 1

Input

decimal_to_octal(100)

Output

'144'

Explanation

100 ÷ 8 = 12 remainder 4, 12 ÷ 8 = 1 remainder 4, 1 ÷ 8 = 0 remainder 1. Reading remainders bottom-up: 144.

Example 2

Input

decimal_to_octal(15)

Output

'17'

Explanation

15 ÷ 8 = 1 remainder 7, 1 ÷ 8 = 0 remainder 1. Result: 17.

Example 3

Input

decimal_to_octal(8)

Output

'10'

Explanation

8 ÷ 8 = 1 remainder 0, 1 ÷ 8 = 0 remainder 1. Result: 10.

Need a Hint?

Use simple arithmetic operators (like modulo `%`, division `//`), conditional checks, or loops to inspect number properties.

Edge Cases to Watch

Empty list or null input variables
Single item lists/arrays
Extremely large input bounds causing integer or stack overflow

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