What is the optimal time complexity of solving Binary to Octal conversion?

The optimized solution achieves a time complexity of O(n) by using sorting, mathematical shortcuts, or hash table lookups.

What is the auxiliary space complexity for Binary to Octal conversion?

The space complexity is O(1) since we only use a minimal/constant amount of extra memory for tracking variables (or auxiliary space if dynamic structures are allocated).

What are the typical edge cases we must handle in Binary to Octal conversion?

Key edge cases include empty collections, negative or large bounds causing integer overflow, arrays with only one element, or inputs where target criteria are not met.

How can we optimize the brute force approach for Binary to Octal conversion?

Brute force methods often inspect all possible combinations. We optimize this by sorting the input list to enable binary search, or tracking processed items in a set to avoid redundant nested loop lookups.

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Python BasicsEasy

Binary to Octal conversion

Learn how to solve the 'Binary to Octal conversion' problem. This detailed resource details brute force and optimized approaches.

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Problem Statement

Easy

Write a function binary_to_octal(binary_str) that takes a string representing a binary number and returns a string representing its octal (base-8) equivalent. Do not include leading zeros in the output (except for input '0').

Hint: Group the binary digits into groups of 3 from right to left, then convert each group to its octal digit.

Constraints

•1 <= len(binary_str) <= 20
•binary_str contains only '0' and '1'

Examples

Example 1

Input

binary_to_octal('1010')

Output

'12'

Explanation

Group from right: 001 010. 001 = 1, 010 = 2. So octal is 12. (Binary 1010 = Decimal 10 = Octal 12.)

Example 2

Input

binary_to_octal('111111')

Output

'77'

Explanation

Group: 111 111. 111 = 7, 111 = 7. Octal is 77. (Binary 111111 = Decimal 63 = Octal 77.)

Example 3

Input

binary_to_octal('11001010')

Output

'312'

Explanation

Group from right: 011 001 010. 011=3, 001=1, 010=2. Octal is 312. (Binary 11001010 = Decimal 202 = Octal 312.)

Need a Hint?

Use simple arithmetic operators (like modulo `%`, division `//`), conditional checks, or loops to inspect number properties.

Edge Cases to Watch

Empty list or null input variables
Single item lists/arrays
Extremely large input bounds causing integer or stack overflow

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