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3Sum

Learn how to solve the '3Sum' problem. This detailed resource details brute force and optimized approaches.

Problem Statement

Easy

Given an integer array nums, return all the triplets [nums[i], nums[j], nums[k]] such that i != j, i != k, and j != k, and nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[k] == 0.

Notice that the solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.

Write a function threeSum(nums: List[int]) -> List[List[int]].

Constraints
  • 3 <= len(nums) <= 3000
  • -10^5 <= nums[i] <= 10^5

Examples

Example 1
Input
nums = [-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4]
Output
[[-1, -1, 2], [-1, 0, 1]]
Explanation

nums[0] + nums[1] + nums[2] = -1 + 0 + 1 = 0. nums[1] + nums[2] + nums[4] = 0 + 1 + (-1) = 0. nums[0] + nums[3] + nums[4] = -1 + 2 + (-1) = 0. The distinct triplets are [-1,-1,2] and [-1,0,1].

Example 2
Input
nums = [0, 1, 1]
Output
[]
Explanation

No triplet sums to 0.

Example 3
Input
nums = [0, 0, 0]
Output
[[0, 0, 0]]
Explanation

The only possible triplet sums to 0.

Need a Hint?
Use two pointer variables starting at different bounds (e.g. left = 0, right = length - 1) and shrink the search window.
Edge Cases to Watch
  • Empty list or null input variables
  • Single item lists/arrays
  • Extremely large input bounds causing integer or stack overflow

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