150强访谈简单

缺失号码

“缺失号码”问题的详细指南和 Python 实现。

问题陈述

简单

给定一个包含 [0, n] 范围内 n 个不同数字的数组 nums,返回该范围内数组中唯一缺少的数字。

编写一个函数 missingNumber(nums: List[int]) -> int

约束条件
  • n == len(nums)
  • 1 <= n <= 10^4
  • 0 <= nums[i] <= n
  • All the numbers of nums are unique

示例

Example 1
Input
nums = [3,0,1]
Output
2
Explanation

n = 3, range [0,3]. 2 is missing.

Example 2
Input
nums = [0,1]
Output
2
Explanation

n = 2, range [0,2]. 2 is missing.

Example 3
Input
nums = [9,6,4,2,3,5,7,0,1]
Output
8
Explanation

n = 9, range [0,9]. 8 is missing.

Need a Hint?
考虑使用特定于位操作的数据结构,例如集合或堆。
Edge Cases to Watch
  • 空输入结构
  • 单元素输入
  • 大数值范围

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