150強訪談簡單

前 K 個頻繁元素

「前 K 個頻繁元素」問題的詳細指南和 Python 實作。

問題陳述

簡單

給定一個整數陣列 nums 和一個整數 k,傳回 k 最頻繁的元素。您可以按任何順序返回答案。

寫一個函數 topKFrequent(nums: List[int], k: int) -> List[int]

約束條件
  • 1 <= len(nums) <= 10^5
  • -10^4 <= nums[i] <= 10^4
  • k is in the range [1, number of unique elements in nums]
  • The answer is guaranteed to be unique

範例

Example 1
Input
nums = [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3], k = 2
Output
[1, 2]
Explanation

1 appears 3 times and 2 appears 2 times. These are the 2 most frequent elements.

Example 2
Input
nums = [1], k = 1
Output
[1]
Explanation

There is only one element, so it is the most frequent.

Need a Hint?
考慮使用數組和哈希特定的資料結構,例如集合或堆。
Edge Cases to Watch
  • 空輸入結構
  • 單元素輸入
  • 大數值範圍

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