DSA 部分簡單

博耶摩爾投票

「博耶摩爾投票」問題的詳細指南和 Python 實作。

問題陳述

簡單

寫一個函數 boyer_moore_majority(arr) 來實作 Boyer-Moore 多數投票演算法,以在整數列表 arr 中尋找多數元素(出現超過 n // 2 次的元素)。如果不存在多數元素,則傳回 -1

約束條件
  • 1 <= len(arr) <= 5 * 10^4
  • -10^9 <= arr[i] <= 10^9

範例

Example 1
Input
arr = [1, 1, 1, 2, 2]
Output
1
Explanation

1 appears 3 times which is greater than 5 // 2 = 2 times.

Example 2
Input
arr = [1, 2, 3]
Output
-1
Explanation

No element appears more than 3 // 2 = 1 time.

Need a Hint?
考慮使用特定於數組的資料結構,例如集合或堆。
Edge Cases to Watch
  • 空輸入結構
  • 單元素輸入
  • 大數值範圍

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